An excellent question “so, what is Nrf2 and what does it do for us?” can be partly answered by the authors: They state “Nrf2” is a transcription factor (aka nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2) which activates the transcription of over 500 human genes. Most of these genes have cytoprotective functions through mechanisms such as: Detoxification mechanisms and excretion of both organic xenobiotics and toxic metals; Increasing antioxidant activities; anti-inflammatory stimulation; mitochondrial function improvement and biogenesis; and stimulating autophagy via removal of cellular debris and dysfunctional organelles.
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Inflammation Nrf2 transcription genome cyto-protective Pall ML, Levine S. Nrf2, a master regulator of detoxification and also antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cytoprotective mechanisms, is raised by health promoting factors. Acta Physiologica Sinica, February 25, 2015, 67(1): 1–18.